Characters.get('e', 0) tells python to search for The real key 'e' from the dictionary. If it's not located it returns 0. Considering that this is The 1st time 'e' is handed from the loop, the character 'e' will not be present in the dictionary but, Hence the get method returns https://buy-copyright-usa85051.actoblog.com/37139748/copyright-usa-an-overview